try {
      return clazz.getDeclaredField(name);
    } catch (NoSuchFieldException | SecurityException e) {
      throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
  }

  private static FieldInfo mapFieldInfo(Class<?> clazz, String fieldName, int fieldNumber) {
    try {

            

Reported by PMD.

                        SchemaUtil.getMapDefaultEntry(clazz, fieldName),
          null);
    } catch (Throwable t) {
      throw new RuntimeException(t);
    }
  }
}

            

Reported by PMD.

                  return builder.build();
  }

  private static void lookupFieldsByName(StructuralMessageInfo.Builder builder) {
    builder.withDefaultInstance(Proto3Message.getDefaultInstance());
    builder.withSyntax(ProtoSyntax.PROTO3);
    builder.withField(forField(field("fieldDouble1_"), 1, FieldType.DOUBLE, true));
    builder.withField(forField(field("fieldFloat2_"), 2, FieldType.FLOAT, true));
    builder.withField(forField(field("fieldInt643_"), 3, FieldType.INT64, true));

            

Reported by PMD.

                  return builder.build();
  }

  private StructuralMessageInfo newMessageInfoForProto3MessageWithMaps() {
    StructuralMessageInfo.Builder builder = StructuralMessageInfo.newBuilder();
    builder.withSyntax(ProtoSyntax.PROTO3);
    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_bool_1", 1));
    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_bytes_2", 2));
    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_double_3", 3));

            

Reported by PMD.

                  return builder.build();
  }

  private StructuralMessageInfo newMessageInfoForProto3MessageWithMaps() {
    StructuralMessageInfo.Builder builder = StructuralMessageInfo.newBuilder();
    builder.withSyntax(ProtoSyntax.PROTO3);
    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_bool_1", 1));
    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_bytes_2", 2));
    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_double_3", 3));

            

Reported by PMD.

                  return builder.build();
  }

  private StructuralMessageInfo newMessageInfoForProto3MessageWithMaps() {
    StructuralMessageInfo.Builder builder = StructuralMessageInfo.newBuilder();
    builder.withSyntax(ProtoSyntax.PROTO3);
    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_bool_1", 1));
    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_bytes_2", 2));
    builder.withField(mapFieldInfo(Proto3MessageWithMaps.class, "field_map_bool_double_3", 3));

            

Reported by PMD.

                        fieldNumber,
          SchemaUtil.getMapDefaultEntry(clazz, fieldName),
          null);
    } catch (Throwable t) {
      throw new RuntimeException(t);
    }
  }
}

            

Reported by PMD.

                  @JRubyMethod(name = "name")
    public IRubyObject getName(ThreadContext context) {
        String name = fileDescriptor.getName();
        return name == null ? context.nil : context.runtime.newString(name);
    }

    /*
     * call-seq:
     *     FileDescriptor.syntax => syntax

            

Reported by PMD.

                  public IRubyObject getSyntax(ThreadContext context) {
        switch (fileDescriptor.getSyntax()) {
            case PROTO2:
                return context.runtime.newSymbol("proto2");
            case PROTO3:
                return context.runtime.newSymbol("proto3");
            default:
                return context.nil;
        }

            

Reported by PMD.

                          case PROTO2:
                return context.runtime.newSymbol("proto2");
            case PROTO3:
                return context.runtime.newSymbol("proto3");
            default:
                return context.nil;
        }
    }


            

Reported by PMD.

              
    private static RubyClass cFileDescriptor;

    private FileDescriptor fileDescriptor;
}

            

Reported by PMD.

              
package com.google.protobuf.jruby;

import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor;
import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor;
import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor.Syntax.*;
import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.GenericDescriptor;
import org.jruby.*;
import org.jruby.anno.JRubyClass;

            

Reported by PMD.

              
import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.Descriptor;
import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor;
import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor.Syntax.*;
import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.GenericDescriptor;
import org.jruby.*;
import org.jruby.anno.JRubyClass;
import org.jruby.anno.JRubyMethod;
import org.jruby.runtime.Block;

            

Reported by PMD.

              import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor;
import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor.Syntax.*;
import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.GenericDescriptor;
import org.jruby.*;
import org.jruby.anno.JRubyClass;
import org.jruby.anno.JRubyMethod;
import org.jruby.runtime.Block;
import org.jruby.runtime.ObjectAllocator;
import org.jruby.runtime.ThreadContext;

            

Reported by PMD.

              #endif

#ifdef _WIN32
using google::protobuf::io::win32::access;
using google::protobuf::io::win32::chdir;
using google::protobuf::io::win32::fopen;
using google::protobuf::io::win32::mkdir;
using google::protobuf::io::win32::stat;
#endif

            

Reported by FlawFinder.

              #endif

bool File::Exists(const std::string& name) {
  return access(name.c_str(), F_OK) == 0;
}

bool File::ReadFileToString(const std::string& name, std::string* output,
                            bool text_mode) {
  char buffer[1024];

            

Reported by FlawFinder.

              #ifdef _WIN32
using google::protobuf::io::win32::access;
using google::protobuf::io::win32::chdir;
using google::protobuf::io::win32::fopen;
using google::protobuf::io::win32::mkdir;
using google::protobuf::io::win32::stat;
#endif

bool File::Exists(const std::string& name) {

            

Reported by FlawFinder.

              
bool File::ReadFileToString(const std::string& name, std::string* output,
                            bool text_mode) {
  char buffer[1024];
  FILE* file = fopen(name.c_str(), text_mode ? "rt" : "rb");
  if (file == NULL) return false;

  while (true) {
    size_t n = fread(buffer, 1, sizeof(buffer), file);

            

Reported by FlawFinder.

              bool File::ReadFileToString(const std::string& name, std::string* output,
                            bool text_mode) {
  char buffer[1024];
  FILE* file = fopen(name.c_str(), text_mode ? "rt" : "rb");
  if (file == NULL) return false;

  while (true) {
    size_t n = fread(buffer, 1, sizeof(buffer), file);
    if (n <= 0) break;

            

Reported by FlawFinder.

              
bool File::WriteStringToFile(const std::string& contents,
                             const std::string& name) {
  FILE* file = fopen(name.c_str(), "wb");
  if (file == NULL) {
    GOOGLE_LOG(ERROR) << "fopen(" << name << ", \"wb\"): " << strerror(errno);
    return false;
  }


            

Reported by FlawFinder.

              
void File::WriteStringToFileOrDie(const std::string& contents,
                                  const std::string& name) {
  FILE* file = fopen(name.c_str(), "wb");
  GOOGLE_CHECK(file != NULL)
      << "fopen(" << name << ", \"wb\"): " << strerror(errno);
  GOOGLE_CHECK_EQ(fwrite(contents.data(), 1, contents.size(), file),
                  contents.size())
      << "fwrite(" << name << "): " << strerror(errno);

            

Reported by FlawFinder.

                 * <p>In order to read the field info from this compact format, a reader needs to progress through
   * the String object and the Object[] array simultaneously.
   */
  private final String info;

  private final Object[] objects;
  private final int flags;

  RawMessageInfo(MessageLite defaultInstance, String info, Object[] objects) {

            

Reported by PMD.

                private final String info;

  private final Object[] objects;
  private final int flags;

  RawMessageInfo(MessageLite defaultInstance, String info, Object[] objects) {
    this.defaultInstance = defaultInstance;
    this.info = info;
    this.objects = objects;

            

Reported by PMD.

                private final Object[] objects;
  private final int flags;

  RawMessageInfo(MessageLite defaultInstance, String info, Object[] objects) {
    this.defaultInstance = defaultInstance;
    this.info = info;
    this.objects = objects;
    int position = 0;
    int value = (int) info.charAt(position++);

            

Reported by PMD.

                  this.objects = objects;
    int position = 0;
    int value = (int) info.charAt(position++);
    if (value < 0xD800) {
      flags = value;
    } else {
      int result = value & 0x1FFF;
      int shift = 13;
      while ((value = info.charAt(position++)) >= 0xD800) {

            

Reported by PMD.

                  } else {
      int result = value & 0x1FFF;
      int shift = 13;
      while ((value = info.charAt(position++)) >= 0xD800) {
        result |= (value & 0x1FFF) << shift;
        shift += 13;
      }
      flags = result | (value << shift);
    }

            

Reported by PMD.

                }

  Object[] getObjects() {
    return objects;
  }

  @Override
  public MessageLite getDefaultInstance() {
    return defaultInstance;

            

Reported by PMD.

                private final Object[] objects;
  private final int flags;

  RawMessageInfo(MessageLite defaultInstance, String info, Object[] objects) {
    this.defaultInstance = defaultInstance;
    this.info = info;
    this.objects = objects;
    int position = 0;
    int value = (int) info.charAt(position++);

            

Reported by PMD.

              #endif  // not SUPPORT_LONGPATHS
}

int access(const char* path, int mode) {
#ifdef SUPPORT_LONGPATHS
  wstring wpath;
  if (!as_windows_path(path, &wpath)) {
    errno = ENOENT;
    return -1;

            

Reported by FlawFinder.

              
}  // namespace

int open(const char* path, int flags, int mode) {
#ifdef SUPPORT_LONGPATHS
  wstring wpath;
  if (!as_windows_path(path, &wpath)) {
    errno = ENOENT;
    return -1;

            

Reported by FlawFinder.

              #endif  // not SUPPORT_LONGPATHS
}

FILE* fopen(const char* path, const char* mode) {
#ifdef SUPPORT_LONGPATHS
  if (null_or_empty(path)) {
    errno = EINVAL;
    return nullptr;
  }

            

Reported by FlawFinder.

                }
  return ::_wfopen(wpath.c_str(), wmode.c_str());
#else
  return ::fopen(path, mode);
#endif
}

int close(int fd) { return ::_close(fd); }


            

Reported by FlawFinder.

              
  SetLastError(0);
  int size =
      MultiByteToWideChar(inUtf8 ? CP_UTF8 : CP_ACP, 0, s, -1, nullptr, 0);
  if (size == 0 && GetLastError() != ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER) {
    return false;
  }
  std::unique_ptr<WCHAR[]> wstr(new WCHAR[size]);
  MultiByteToWideChar(

            

Reported by FlawFinder.

                  return false;
  }
  std::unique_ptr<WCHAR[]> wstr(new WCHAR[size]);
  MultiByteToWideChar(
      inUtf8 ? CP_UTF8 : CP_ACP, 0, s, -1, wstr.get(), size + 1);
  out->assign(wstr.get());
  return true;
}


            

Reported by FlawFinder.

              
int dup2(int fd1, int fd2) { return ::_dup2(fd1, fd2); }

int read(int fd, void* buffer, size_t size) {
  return ::_read(fd, buffer, size);
}

int setmode(int fd, int mode) { return ::_setmode(fd, mode); }


            

Reported by FlawFinder.

              #else
#ifndef _MSC_VER
  // automake sets the "srcdir" environment variable.
  char* result = getenv("srcdir");
  if (result != NULL) {
    return result;
  }
#endif  // _MSC_VER


            

Reported by FlawFinder.

              std::string GetTemporaryDirectoryName() {
  // Tests run under Bazel "should not" use /tmp. Bazel sets this environment
  // variable for tests to use instead.
  char *from_environment = getenv("TEST_TMPDIR");
  if (from_environment != NULL && from_environment[0] != '\0') {
    return std::string(from_environment) + "/protobuf_tmpdir";
  }

  // tmpnam() is generally not considered safe but we're only using it for

            

Reported by FlawFinder.

                char b[L_tmpnam + 1];     // HPUX multithread return 0 if s is 0
#pragma GCC diagnostic push
#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
  std::string result = tmpnam(b);
#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
#ifdef _WIN32
  // Avoid a trailing dot by changing it to an underscore. On Win32 the names of
  // files and directories can, but should not, end with dot.
  //

            

Reported by FlawFinder.

              using google::protobuf::io::win32::dup2;
using google::protobuf::io::win32::dup;
using google::protobuf::io::win32::mkdir;
using google::protobuf::io::win32::open;
#endif

#ifndef O_BINARY
#ifdef _O_BINARY
#define O_BINARY _O_BINARY

            

Reported by FlawFinder.

                // tmpnam() is generally not considered safe but we're only using it for
  // testing.  We cannot use tmpfile() or mkstemp() since we're creating a
  // directory.
  char b[L_tmpnam + 1];     // HPUX multithread return 0 if s is 0
#pragma GCC diagnostic push
#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
  std::string result = tmpnam(b);
#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
#ifdef _WIN32

            

Reported by FlawFinder.

              
  stdout_capture_filename_ = TestTempDir() + "/captured_stdout";

  int fd = open(stdout_capture_filename_.c_str(),
                O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_EXCL | O_BINARY, 0777);
  GOOGLE_CHECK(fd >= 0) << "open: " << strerror(errno);

  original_stdout_ = dup(1);
  close(1);

            

Reported by FlawFinder.

              
  stderr_capture_filename_ = TestTempDir() + "/captured_stderr";

  int fd = open(stderr_capture_filename_.c_str(),
                O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_EXCL | O_BINARY, 0777);
  GOOGLE_CHECK(fd >= 0) << "open: " << strerror(errno);

  original_stderr_ = dup(2);
  close(2);

            

Reported by FlawFinder.

                  }
  }

  private static boolean equals(Object a, Object b) {
    if (a instanceof byte[] && b instanceof byte[]) {
      return Arrays.equals((byte[]) a, (byte[]) b);
    }
    return a.equals(b);
  }

            

Reported by PMD.

               *
 * <p>This class is a protobuf implementation detail. Users shouldn't use this class directly.
 */
public final class MapFieldLite<K, V> extends LinkedHashMap<K, V> {

  private boolean isMutable;

  private MapFieldLite() {
    this.isMutable = true;

            

Reported by PMD.

               *
 * <p>This class is a protobuf implementation detail. Users shouldn't use this class directly.
 */
public final class MapFieldLite<K, V> extends LinkedHashMap<K, V> {

  private boolean isMutable;

  private MapFieldLite() {
    this.isMutable = true;

            

Reported by PMD.

               */
public final class MapFieldLite<K, V> extends LinkedHashMap<K, V> {

  private boolean isMutable;

  private MapFieldLite() {
    this.isMutable = true;
  }


            

Reported by PMD.

               */
public final class MapFieldLite<K, V> extends LinkedHashMap<K, V> {

  private boolean isMutable;

  private MapFieldLite() {
    this.isMutable = true;
  }


            

Reported by PMD.

                  this.isMutable = true;
  }

  @SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes", "unchecked"})
  private static final MapFieldLite EMPTY_MAP_FIELD = new MapFieldLite<>();

  static {
    EMPTY_MAP_FIELD.makeImmutable();
  }

            

Reported by PMD.

                 * Map} because it compares by identity not by content for byte arrays.
   */
  static <K, V> boolean equals(Map<K, V> a, Map<K, V> b) {
    if (a == b) {
      return true;
    }
    if (a.size() != b.size()) {
      return false;
    }

            

Reported by PMD.

              @ExperimentalApi
final class ManifestSchemaFactory implements SchemaFactory {

  private final MessageInfoFactory messageInfoFactory;

  public ManifestSchemaFactory() {
    this(getDefaultMessageInfoFactory());
  }


            

Reported by PMD.

                }

  private static class CompositeMessageInfoFactory implements MessageInfoFactory {
    private MessageInfoFactory[] factories;

    CompositeMessageInfoFactory(MessageInfoFactory... factories) {
      this.factories = factories;
    }


            

Reported by PMD.

                }

  private static class CompositeMessageInfoFactory implements MessageInfoFactory {
    private MessageInfoFactory[] factories;

    CompositeMessageInfoFactory(MessageInfoFactory... factories) {
      this.factories = factories;
    }


            

Reported by PMD.

                private static class CompositeMessageInfoFactory implements MessageInfoFactory {
    private MessageInfoFactory[] factories;

    CompositeMessageInfoFactory(MessageInfoFactory... factories) {
      this.factories = factories;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isSupported(Class<?> clazz) {

            

Reported by PMD.

                private static MessageInfoFactory getDescriptorMessageInfoFactory() {
    try {
      Class<?> clazz = Class.forName("com.google.protobuf.DescriptorMessageInfoFactory");
      return (MessageInfoFactory) clazz.getDeclaredMethod("getInstance").invoke(null);
    } catch (Exception e) {
      return EMPTY_FACTORY;
    }
  }
}

            

Reported by PMD.

                private static MessageInfoFactory getDescriptorMessageInfoFactory() {
    try {
      Class<?> clazz = Class.forName("com.google.protobuf.DescriptorMessageInfoFactory");
      return (MessageInfoFactory) clazz.getDeclaredMethod("getInstance").invoke(null);
    } catch (Exception e) {
      return EMPTY_FACTORY;
    }
  }
}

            

Reported by PMD.

                  try {
      Class<?> clazz = Class.forName("com.google.protobuf.DescriptorMessageInfoFactory");
      return (MessageInfoFactory) clazz.getDeclaredMethod("getInstance").invoke(null);
    } catch (Exception e) {
      return EMPTY_FACTORY;
    }
  }
}

            

Reported by PMD.

                    // The resulting upb_strview will only be value while the zval is alive.
      if (arena) {
        ptr = upb_arena_malloc(arena, size);
        memcpy(ptr, Z_STRVAL_P(php_val), size);
      } else {
        ptr = Z_STRVAL_P(php_val);
      }

      upb_val->str_val = upb_strview_make(ptr, size);

            

Reported by FlawFinder.

                    ZVAL_LONG(php_val, upb_val.int64_val);
#else
      {
        char buf[20];
        int size = sprintf(buf, "%lld", upb_val.int64_val);
        ZVAL_NEW_STR(php_val, zend_string_init(buf, size, 0));
      }
#endif
      break;

            

Reported by FlawFinder.

              #else
      {
        char buf[20];
        int size = sprintf(buf, "%lld", upb_val.int64_val);
        ZVAL_NEW_STR(php_val, zend_string_init(buf, size, 0));
      }
#endif
      break;
    case UPB_TYPE_UINT64:

            

Reported by FlawFinder.

                    ZVAL_LONG(php_val, upb_val.uint64_val);
#else
      {
        char buf[20];
        int size = sprintf(buf, "%lld", (int64_t)upb_val.uint64_val);
        ZVAL_NEW_STR(php_val, zend_string_init(buf, size, 0));
      }
#endif
      break;

            

Reported by FlawFinder.

              #else
      {
        char buf[20];
        int size = sprintf(buf, "%lld", (int64_t)upb_val.uint64_val);
        ZVAL_NEW_STR(php_val, zend_string_init(buf, size, 0));
      }
#endif
      break;
    case UPB_TYPE_INT32:

            

Reported by FlawFinder.

                GPBUtil_class_entry = zend_register_internal_class(&class_type);

  zend_declare_class_constant_string(GPBUtil_class_entry, prefix_name,
                                     strlen(prefix_name),
                                     "type.googleapis.com/");
}

            

Reported by FlawFinder.

              
// ===================================================================

TEST_F(CommandLineInterfaceTest, BasicOutput) {
  // Test that the common case works.

  CreateTempFile("foo.proto",
                 "syntax = \"proto2\";\n"
                 "message Foo {}\n");

            

Reported by Cppcheck.

              #if defined(_WIN32)
// DO NOT include <io.h>, instead create functions in io_win32.{h,cc} and import
// them like we do below.
using google::protobuf::io::win32::access;
using google::protobuf::io::win32::close;
using google::protobuf::io::win32::dup;
using google::protobuf::io::win32::dup2;
using google::protobuf::io::win32::open;
using google::protobuf::io::win32::write;

            

Reported by FlawFinder.

                      "test_plugin",            // Unix
    };
    for (int i = 0; i < GOOGLE_ARRAYSIZE(possible_paths); i++) {
      if (access(possible_paths[i], F_OK) == 0) {
        plugin_path = possible_paths[i];
        break;
      }
    }
#endif

            

Reported by FlawFinder.

                        args.push_back("--proto_path=" + TestUtil::TestSourceDir());
          break;
        case DESCRIPTOR_SET_IN:
          args.push_back(StrCat("--descriptor_set_in=",
                                      unittest_proto_descriptor_set_filename_));
          break;
        default:
          ADD_FAILURE() << "unexpected EncodeDecodeTestMode: " << GetParam();
      }

            

Reported by FlawFinder.

              using google::protobuf::io::win32::close;
using google::protobuf::io::win32::dup;
using google::protobuf::io::win32::dup2;
using google::protobuf::io::win32::open;
using google::protobuf::io::win32::write;
#endif

// Disable the whole test when we use tcmalloc for "draconian" heap checks, in
// which case tcmalloc will print warnings that fail the plugin tests.

            

Reported by FlawFinder.

                }

  bool RedirectStdinFromFile(const std::string& filename) {
    int fd = open(filename.c_str(), O_RDONLY);
    if (fd < 0) return false;
    dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO);
    close(fd);
    return true;
  }

            

Reported by FlawFinder.